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  1. Morphology

    Crayfish plague invades tissue with hyphae. The hyphae develop sporangia that release amoeboid primary spores, which develop into flagellated secondary zoospores after encystment. The secondary zoospores have two fl… See more

    History

    Crayfish plague first arrived in Europe in Italy in 1859, either with imported crayfish from North America, or in ballast water discharge. After its original introduction in Italy in 1860, it spread quickly through Europe an… See more

    Transmission

    Transport of signal crayfish, red swamp crayfish and infected native European freshwater crayfish between waters is the main cause of contamination, though the disease can also be spread via items that have been … See more

    Signs

    Infection with Aphanomyces astaci is accompanied by few signs in its early stages, and the first indication of infection may be mortality. In the later stages, the muscles of the tail may appear whitened, or brownish-r… See more

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